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the aftermath

I have been getting some really spectacular feedback on this paper, much of it in email or other forms, or simply too long to be presented to good effect in comments. So I've made this additional section for posting extended responses from my readers. Thank you so much!



First of all, Sally and I got into a fantastic discussion about the Mariska Hargitay controversies and how they relate to this paper. The first part of it is here. I'd prefer to continue it below, so that page doesn't get too overburdened with lengthy comments.

projecting the closet

This in the context of our discussion about the many ways Mariska's persona (and how fans approach it) can be seen as parallel to/blurred with Olivia's. Sally also pointed out that, until Mariska's latest relationship/engagement became public, she was also an apparently single workaholic seemingly too busy with her career to focus on a relationship (like Olivia). And I'd like to also note that the fact that SVU is a highly realist drama ("ripped from the headlines" and all) encourages this sort of slippage. So (as Joe says elsewhere) the logic of the show suggests that one has to look beyond the obvious suspect or the obvious boyfriend.

I think your idea that fans are interpreting recent Mariska developments as "closeted behavior" is right on. And it intersects with another discussion I want to have. Because, while the proliferation of detective strategies may help explain why some fans are approaching Mariska's explicit sexuality and relationships with the same skepticism as Olivia's, it doesn't necessarily explain the level of anger and vitriol that have been in evidence in the course of this investigation. I guess I am going to have to do into a little background here, so I'm quoting from your site, Sally, regarding the April 2003 Conan interview that started it all (or download the clip):

She went on to tell a story about walking down the street with her boyfriend's arm around her waist. A man ran up to her yelling excitedly, "Damn, I thought you was a lesbian". Conan: "Really? Because of your character on the show?" MH: "Yes. Everyone thinks that". Ms. Hargitay's apparent unease at being labelled a lesbian resulted in a ripple of displeasure and melancholy across the lesbian online community. Rightfully or wrongfully, some proclaimed her a homophobe.

I was trying to talk through the level of rage that this really quite groundbreaking and adorable exchange stimulated in some corners of fandom (see the "Debate Club" link above) with another friend of mine. And the only explanation I could come up with is that people have a lot of pent-up anger about the oppressive operation of the closet that they in essence projected onto Mariska. Some lesbian-identified fans are mad that Olivia's lesbianism isn't more openly representable, they are probably also mad about the effects of the closet in media and culture in general, and these comments seemed to tap into that. I think this could happen because Mariska framed her story within the very same Mariska/Olivia ambiguity that we've been remarking in fan discourses. She seemed exasperated, not so much with being taken for a lesbian, but with the various (gender-inflected) ways she alternately is and isn't taken for Olivia (e.g. "you're much thinner and prettier"). Within this framework, her attempt to disavow her own alleged lesbianism and at the same time perhaps retain/reclaim some of her association with her character is easily refigured as a denial of Olivia's lesbianism -- which, I'd assume, people were particularly pissed about. And then the Olivia closet reverberated back into a fantasmatic Mariska closet. Still sorting this out...

The vitriole

There's one piece missing from the Conan story - the impact of an anonymous poster named SVU Boom Tech who posted for several months before the Conan thing. This poster had defininte insider info about Mariska (in regards to shows she would be on, what topics she would be discussing on those shows, where in guest placement she would be, among other unverifiable things). This person said in many posts that Mariska was gay and closeted. She also said that MH would bring up her boyfriend on Conan for the first time and that he was a beard. So in this case it was more than audience interpretation. They had the added "proof" of text, as you say. When MH did exactly as predicted, the fur flew off the cat!! Message boards closed down because of the heat of the arguments - each side - straight and gay - laying claim to Mariska and insulting the other side.

I too have more, but later.

smoking gun

Oooh, I did not know all that! The drama! The mystery! Kind of like on TV...

thin line

For me, the whole "is she/isn't she" debate about Olivia Benson is moot without the complicity--either intentional (doubtful) or subconscious (yey!)--of Mariska Hargitay. As an actress, MH is bound by certain things (the script, obviously, as well as character integrity and the framework of the show), but must certainly have some freedom to control the more subtle behaviors of OB. And those subtle behaviors are just so damn gay! It seems unlikely that MH, who seems ambivalent (at best) about fans' desire for a lesbian Olivia, is intentionally pinging everyone's gaydar.... Which, of course, allows us to assume (rightly or wrongly) that MH is unintentionally providing us with subext because she just can't help herself.

Secondly, what about comparisons between the fan frenzy over MH's personal sexuality to the perceived sexuality of other women who have portrayed queer women? For instance, though Allison Hannigan (sp?) of "Buffy" fame portrayed a powerful lesbian, to the best of my knowledge, most fans did not feel "betrayed" by her real-life marriage to a man; Eden Rigel ("Bianca" on "All My Children") seems to have escaped the spectlation as well. Is it because their characters were definitively queer and so provided ample fodder for the restless fan, because the dykey Olivia Benson violates more gender norms (both "Willow" and "Bianca" are pretty traditionally femme), or because the actresses themselves just don't "seem" as queer as MH can?

Last, but not least, Oliva can't be your girlfriend. She's mine! (Until Jodie Foster finds out, that is.)

intentionality

Wow, excellent comments, thanks! I agree with you that the "what the heck is she thinking?!" question re: Mariska seems to naturally come up here. I think of it especially in relation to "Loss" -- how could it happen that, suddenly, Olivia is inviting Alex to sleep over at her house, calling her "sweetie" while she holds her blood in her hands, and desperately weeping when they say goodbye?! I also agree, though, that it's highly unlikely that this lesbian text (I hesitate to even call it subtext, in this case) was intentional on anyone's part. This suggests to me that intentionality is something of a red herring. My argument is that intentionality is ultimately irrelevant -- Olivia just can't help being a lesbian (as you said), whether anybody means her to be or not. Because of the way television overall and SVU in particular and gender/sexuality in the culture at large are structured (the conditions that circumscribe Mariska's performance).

As for why fans seem to be so obsessive about Mariska's sexuality, when they don't have the same response to other actors -- I think all the answers you propose are right (though I'd say #3 is closely related to #2). Most simply, I think some people see Mariska as either a) being reluctant to acknowledge the perception of Olivia as a lesbian/Olivia's lesbian fans or b) actively denying that Olivia is a lesbian. It's a highly-charged closet structure that is experienced as deliberately oppressive. So somehow that frustration with this authoritative enforcement of the Olivia-closet ramifies into a Mariska-closet. I don't know that I can fully explain why that happens -- it's a bit wacko. But I certainly think the gay/straight oscillation is related in unpredictable ways to the masculine/feminine and real/televised oscillations.

Oliva can't be your girlfriend. She's mine!

:) I've noticed that Olivia seems to get around a lot. Apparently we can add non-monogamy to her catalogue of perversions. But that's a whole other can of worms...

some of my other women

a) being reluctant to acknowledge the perception of Olivia as a lesbian/Olivia's lesbian fans or b) actively denying that Olivia is a lesbian.

Ah, I think you have hit the nail on the head. I was trying to identify characters similar to OB, and finally came up with Major Sam Carter (played by Amanda Tapping) on "Stargate SG-1." Here is another short-haired, leather-jacket-wearing, ultra-competent (and seriously dykey) woman who carries a gun, and who, like Olivia, occasionally references male relationships, but who is also deliberately kept out of main-text romantic relationships (unless that's changed recently...I really can't bear SG-1 too often). There's a large body of slash work pairing Sam with a (now-dead) doctor (with whom she was raising a child--can it get more main-text??) on the show, but as far as I know, there is not eqivalent furor over the actress's own sexuality.

Part of that is almost certainly because SVU is vastly more popular and MH more well known, but I wonder if some of it isn't that Amanda Tapping is on record as being a pretty tolerant--and explicitly feminist--woman. Fans can have fun with the character's sexuality without feeling betrayed or let down by the actress who plays her.

That rascally Oliva. She does get around, doesn't she? Alex, Abbie, Casey, you, me....

Olivia benson is not a lesbia

Olivia benson is not a lesbian just because she is a strong and confident woman!

gender +/- sexuality

well, this gets at one of the stickiest issues in this debate, in my opinion -- because I certainly wouldn't want to imply that any woman with qualities or presentation that are traditionally valued as masculine must be a lesbian. I personally know straight women who are butch and fierce and who struggle with this constantly as a result. at the same time, though, I bristle at the suggestion that being taken for a lesbian is somehow an insult and an affront. really, shouldn't it be considered a compliment? it's for that reason that I have a hard time mustering much sympathy for such hetero indignation -- beyond, you know, the difficult dating logistics women face when their appearance doesn't line up normatively with their preferences (equally a problem for high-femme dykes), which isn't a problem Olivia has to face (being fictional).

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